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50+ Great Emotional Intelligence Quotes

Emotional intelligence refers to the ability to perceive and manage one’s own emotions and understand those of others. Exploring some emotional intelligence quotes from experts, researchers, and others can provide insight into what this ability means and how it can affect one’s life. Research has shown that being able to identify and label your emotions …

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Vygotsky’s Social Development Theory

The Vygotsky social development theory suggests that social interactions and experiences influence children’s cognitive development. In simple terms, when you are cognitively ready to learn something, you learn it by observing others do it. For example, a child learns to throw a ball or ride a bike by seeing others do the same. Also known …

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What Are the 16 Personality Factors?

The 16 Personality Factors (16PF) are a framework for understanding personality traits introduced by psychologist Raymond Cattell. This theory is based on the idea that there are 16 basic personality dimensions. Cattell also suggested that these dimensions could be measured using self-report questionnaires and other methods. Cattell’s theory is one of the many ways of …

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List of Positive Attitudes: Definition and Examples

Positive attitudes are about looking at life with optimism. People who have positive attitudes are compelling. Others enjoy being around them because they feel inspired and uplifted by their infectious approach to life. Researchers have found that having a positive outlook on life can have a wide range of benefits, from boosting your well-being to …

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Lack of Communication: Signs, Examples, and What to Do

Lack of communication is when people fail to interact and express themselves in ways that foster healthy connections and relationships. This can take a toll on trust and intimacy in close relationships. Poor or insufficient communication in relationships can create problems, including insecurity and conflict. Here’s what you should do if you struggle to get …

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35 Calming Affirmations for Anxiety Relief

Affirmations are positive statements that resonate with you and help promote well-being. They can focus on a range of topics. For example, affirmations for anxiety can help you feel calmer, more relaxed, and better able to handle feelings of distress. How you speak to yourself, or your self-talk, can play an important role in how …

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What It Means to Be Highly Emotional

Everyone feels sensitive at certain times or about certain topics, but excessive or inappropriate displays of emotion are sometimes described as highly emotional or overly emotional. If it feels like you are always fighting to hold back your feelings, understanding what might be making you feel highly emotional is a good place to start. Characteristics …

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What Is a Conditioned Response? Definition and Examples

A conditioned response is the result of classical conditioning. It happens after a neutral stimulus has been paired with an unconditioned stimulus.  The Conditioned Response in Classical Conditioning In classical conditioning, the condition response is a learned reaction to a previously neutral stimulus. Here’s how it works: Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) This is a stimulus that …

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What Is a Conditioned Stimulus in Psychology?

A conditioned stimulus is a stimulus that evokes a conditioned response. A previously neutral stimulus is associated with an unconditioned stimulus through the classical conditioning process. Eventually, this neutral stimulus starts to evoke the same response, at which point it becomes known as the conditioned stimulus. For example, imagine that you hear the sound of …

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What Is Prosocial Behavior? Meaning and Examples

Prosocial behavior involves actions that are designed to help other people or to benefit society as a whole. Examples of prosocial behaviors include being kind, comforting, generous, or helpful. When people engage in prosocial behaviors, they often do so because they are concerned, compassionate, and empathetic. They want to ensure others have what they need, …

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16 MBTI Personality Types

The 16 MBTI personality types are those identified by the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. This self-report personality questionnaire suggests that personality comprises four dimensions, corresponding to 16 distinct personality types. What Is the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)? The MBTI stands for the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. The test was developed by writer Katharine Cook Briggs and her …

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Factors Affecting Self-Concept: Theories and Examples

Your self-concept is the beliefs, feelings, thoughts, and images you hold about yourself. It includes many different aspects of your identity, including your physical appearance, personality traits, values, talents, skills, roles, and relationships. Factors affecting self-concept may include social influences, personality traits, life experiences, values, and cognitive processes. Self-concept is essentially how you see yourself. …

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What Is the Unconditioned Response in Psychology?

In classical conditioning, the unconditioned response is the natural, automatic reaction that is triggered by the unconditioned stimulus. It occurs unconditionally, which means it happens without having to go through any prior learning. For example, if you hear a loud, sudden noise, you might automatically startle. That natural reaction is the unconditioned response. You don’t …

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What Is Functional Fixedness in Psychology?

Functional fixedness is when people can only think of traditional ways of using objects. It is a type of cognitive bias that prevents people from thinking outside of the box and developing creative solutions.  When you have a particular tool, you might look at it in terms of how it is traditionally used.  A screwdriver, …

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What Is Disorganized Attachment in Relationships?

Disorganized attachment is an insecure attachment style characterized by avoidant and fearful behaviors. Also known as fearful-avoidant attachment, this style often stems from abuse, neglect, or trauma in childhood.  Disorganized attachment in relationships leads to a range of erratic behavior. People may seem disoriented, fearful, and ambivalent in their interactions with their partner. This can …

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Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development

How do children develop morality and moral reasoning? Kohlberg’s stages of moral development describe a fixed process through which children develop moral reasoning abilities. The stages represent an expansion of an earlier theory of moral reasoning proposed by developmental psychologist Jean Piaget. Kohlberg’s theory suggests that there are six stages of moral development that can …

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What Is the Sensorimotor Stage in Psychology?

According to Piaget, the sensorimotor stage of development occurs during the first two years of a child’s life. During this period of development, children utilize their sensory abilities to learn more about themselves and the world around them. The sensorimotor stage is the first stage in Jean Piaget’s theory of cognitive development. This stage lasts …

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What Is the Ego in Psychology?

In Sigmund Freud’s theory of personality, he described three parts of personality: the id, ego, and superego. The ego is the part of personality that strikes a balance between the primitive urges of the id, the idealistic standards of the superego, and the demands of reality. Freud believed that the ego functions according to the …

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What Is the Unconditioned Stimulus?

In classical conditioning, the unconditioned stimulus automatically leads to a response. It triggers a response unconditionally without any prior learning.  An unexpected loud noise is one example. You react naturally and automatically when this unconditional stimulus occurs by flinching in surprise. That unlearned response is known as the unconditioned response. The Unconditioned Stimulus in Classical …

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